第六部分各系列特点和用途

Part 6: Characteristics and Applications of Each Series 

根据铝板含有的金属元素不同，铝板大概可以分为9个大类，也就是可以分9个系列。

纯铝合金：1系

铝铜合金：2系

铝锰合金：3系

铝硅合金：4系

铝镁合金：5系

铝镁硅合金：6系

铝锌镁合金：7系

铝与其他元素：8系

备用合金：9系

Based on the differences in the metal elements contained in aluminum plates, aluminum plates can be roughly divided into 9 major categories, which are also referred to as 9 series.

Pure aluminum alloy: Series 1

Aluminum-copper alloy: Series 2

Aluminum-manganese alloy: Series 3

Aluminum-silicon alloy: Series 4

Aluminum-magnesium alloy: Series 5

Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy: Series 6

Aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloy: Series 7

Aluminum with other elements: Series 8

Reserved alloy: Series 9

1系纯铝 Series 1: Pure Aluminum

代表：1050、1060、1100。

特点Characteristics：

1：密度小：纯铝的密度2.7KG/M3。约为铁的35%

Low density: The density of pure aluminum is 2.7 kg/m³, which is approximately 35% of that of iron.

2：可强化：纯铝通过冷加工可以使其强度提高1倍以上，而且通过添加镁，锌，铜，锰，硅，锂，钪等元素合金，可以经过热处理进一步强化，其强度可以与合金钢相比。

Strengthenable: The strength of pure aluminum can be more than doubled through cold working. Moreover, by alloying it with elements such as magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, silicon, lithium, and scandium, it can be further strengthened through heat treatment, and its strength can be comparable to that of alloy steel.

3：易加工：铝可以用任何一种铸造方法铸造。他的塑性好，大多数机床可以达到最大速度进行车，铣，镗，刨等机械加工。

Easy to process: Aluminum can be cast using any casting method. It has good plasticity, and most machine tools can perform machining processes such as turning, milling, boring, and planing at maximum speed.

4：耐腐蚀：

铝及其合金的表面，易生成一层致密，牢固的AL2O3保护膜，这层保护膜只有在卤素离子或碱离子的刺激作用下才会造到破坏。所以，铝有很好的耐大气（包括工业性大气，和海洋大气）腐蚀和水腐蚀的能力。

Corrosion resistance:A dense and firm aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) protective film is easily formed on the surface of aluminum and its alloys. This protective film will only be damaged under the stimulation of halogen ions or alkali ions. Therefore, aluminum has good resistance to atmospheric corrosion (including industrial atmosphere and marine atmosphere) and water corrosion.

5：无低温脆性：铝在零度以下，随着温度的降低，强度和塑性不公平不会降低，反而提高。

No low-temperature brittleness: When aluminum is below zero (°C), as the temperature decreases, its strength and plasticity will not decrease—on the contrary, they will increase.

6：导电，导热性好：铝的导电，导热性能仅次于银，铜和金。

Good electrical and thermal conductivity: The electrical and thermal conductivity of aluminum is second only to that of silver, copper, and gold.

7：反射性强：铝的抛光表面对白色反射率达到80%以上，纯度越高，反射率越高。同时，铝对红外线，紫外线，电磁波，热辐射等都有良好的反射性能。

Strong reflectivity: The polished surface of aluminum has a reflectance of over 80% for white light, and the higher the purity of aluminum, the higher the reflectance. Meanwhile, aluminum also exhibits excellent reflective performance for infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, electromagnetic waves, thermal radiation, and more.

8：无磁性，冲击不生火花。

Non-magnetic, and no sparks generated upon impact.

9：有吸音性 Has sound absorption property

10：耐核辐射 Resistant to nuclear radiation

11：美观：他的反射能力强，表面呈银白色光泽。经机加工后可以达到很高的光洁度和光亮度。经阳极氧化和着色，可以获得五颜六色，光彩夺目的制品。

Aesthetic appeal: It has strong reflectivity and a silvery-white luster on its surface. A very high level of smoothness and brightness can be achieved after machining. Through anodization and coloring, colorful and dazzling products can be obtained.

12：不能进行热处理强化，只能冷加工以提高强度，但强度不高。

It cannot be strengthened through heat treatment; it can only be cold-worked to improve its strength, yet the resulting strength is not high.

用途 purpose：

化工设备、内河船舶设备、各种容器（酒罐、压力罐、茶水炉等）、导电材料、化工设备、仪器仪表、标牌（设备标牌、公路标牌、机动车牌照等）、建筑装饰材料、五金炊具、受力不大的机器部件

Chemical equipment, inland river ship equipment, various containers (such as wine tanks, pressure tanks, tea boilers, etc.), conductive materials, chemical equipment, instruments and meters, nameplates (such as equipment nameplates, highway nameplates, motor vehicle license plates, etc.), architectural decoration materials, hardware cookware, and machine parts with low stress.

在所有系列中1×××系列属于含铝量最多的一个系列。纯度可以达到99.00%以上。由于不含有其他金属元素，所以生产过程比较单一，价格相对比较便宜，是目前常规工业中最常用的一个系列。市场上流通的大部分为1050以及1060系列。

Among all aluminum alloy series, the 1××× series has the highest aluminum content, with a purity of over 99.00%. Since it contains no other metal elements, its production process is relatively simple and its price is comparatively low, making it the most commonly used series in current conventional industries. Most of the products circulating in the market belong to the 1050 and 1060 series.
2系铝铜合金 Series 2: Aluminum-Copper Alloy

代表：2A12（LY12），2A16（LY16）、2A06（LY6）。

特点Characteristics：

①以铜为主要合金元素的合金（Al-Cu合金）。铜元素含量最高，大概在3-5%左右。

Alloys with copper as the main alloying element (Al-Cu alloys). The copper content is the highest, approximately ranging from 3% to 5%.

③ 可淬火即可热处理强化，强度高，俗称硬铝（典型代表2A12）

It is quenchable, meaning it can be strengthened through heat treatment, and has high strength. It is commonly known as "duralumin" (with 2A12 as a typical representative).

③耐热性好，有良好的加工性，切削性能好

Good heat resistance, good workability, and excellent machinability.

④抗蚀性差易被腐蚀（CU含量高）

Poor corrosion resistance; it is prone to corrosion (due to high copper content).

⑤2A12退火温度在390-450℃，（退火是将金属缓慢加热到一定温度，保持足够时间，然后以适宜速度冷却的一种金属热处理工艺。主要目的是：释放应力；增加材料延展性和韧性；产生特殊显微结构。）淬火温度496-540℃。

其中以2×××系列铝板属于航空铝材，在常规工业中不常应用。

The annealing temperature of 2A12 ranges from 390°C to 450°C. (Annealing is a metal heat treatment process that involves heating metal slowly to a specific temperature, maintaining it at that temperature for a sufficient period, and then cooling it at an appropriate rate. Its main purposes are: relieving internal stress; enhancing the ductility and toughness of the material; and producing a specific microstructure.) The quenching temperature of 2A12 is between 496°C and 540°C.

Among aluminum alloys, the 2××× series aluminum plates are classified as aviation aluminum materials and are not commonly used in conventional industries.

用途 Applications：

飞机、航天、兵器、发动机、活塞、汽车机体、机械零部件等 

Aircraft, aerospace, ordnance, engines, pistons, automobile bodies, mechanical parts and components, etc.
3系铝锰合金 Series 3: Aluminum-Manganese Alloy

3系铝锰合金，又可以称为防锈铝板。

Series 3: Aluminum-Manganese Alloy, also known as anti-rust aluminum plates.

代表3003、3004、 3A21为主

特点Characteristics： 

①以Mn为主要合金元素的铝合金，不可热处理强化。

Aluminum alloys with manganese (Mn) as the main alloying element cannot be strengthened through heat treatment.

②塑性好，焊接性能好，耐腐蚀性比1系稍强，是一种中等强度的铝合金。

It has good plasticity and excellent weldability. Its corrosion resistance is slightly better than that of the 1××× series, and it is an aluminum alloy with medium strength.

③退火温度：低温退火260-360℃，高温退火370-490℃。

用途：主要用于比1系强度要求稍高的工作，压力罐、储存罐、保温材料、机械零部件、汽车飞机油箱等。常规应用在空调，冰箱，车底等潮湿环境中，价格高于1×××系列，是一款较为常用的合金系列。

Annealing Temperature:

Low-temperature annealing: 260-360℃

High-temperature annealing: 370-490℃

Applications:

It is mainly used in applications that require slightly higher strength than the 1××× series, such as pressure tanks, storage tanks, thermal insulation materials, mechanical parts, and fuel tanks for automobiles and aircraft. It is commonly applied in humid environments like air conditioners, refrigerators, and vehicle undersides. Its price is higher than that of the 1××× series, and it is a relatively commonly used aluminum alloy series.
3系铝锰合金Series 3: Aluminum-Manganese Alloy

3003 用于加工需要有良好的成形性能、高的抗蚀性可焊性好的零件部件，或既要求有这些性能又需要有比1XXX系合金强度高的工作。各种压力容器与管道
3004 全铝易拉罐罐身，要求有比3003合金更高强度的零部件

3105 房间隔断、档板、活动房板、檐槽和落水管，薄板成形加工件，瓶盖、瓶塞等

3A21 飞机油箱、油路导管、铆钉线材等；建筑材料与食品等工业装备等

3003: Used for manufacturing parts and components that require good formability, high corrosion resistance, and excellent weldability; it is also suitable for applications that demand these properties while needing higher strength than 1XXX series alloys. It is applicable to various pressure vessels and pipelines.

3004: Used for the bodies of all-aluminum beverage cans, as well as parts and components that require higher strength than 3003 alloy.

3105: Used for room partitions, baffles, prefabricated house panels, gutters and downspouts, sheet metal formed parts, bottle caps, bottle stoppers, etc.

3A21: Used for aircraft fuel tanks, oil line pipes, rivet wires, etc.; also applied in construction materials and industrial equipment for food processing and other industries.

 4系列铝硅合金Series 4: Aluminum-Silicon Alloy

代表为4A01，4047

特点Characteristics：

①以硅为主要合金元素的铝合金，大多不可热处理强化。通常硅含量在4.5-6.0%之间。

Aluminum alloys with silicon as the main alloying element are mostly not heat-treatable for strengthening. Typically, the silicon content ranges from 4.5% to 6.0%.

②熔点低，熔体流动性好，容易补缩，耐蚀性好

It has a low melting point, good melt fluidity, excellent shrinkage compensation, and good corrosion resistance.

③有良好的耐磨性和耐热性。It has good wear resistance and heat resistance.

用途：焊接材料；活塞；耐热件 Welding materials; pistons; heat-resistant parts

5系列铝镁合金 Series 5: Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy

代表5052、5005、5083、5754、5A05系列

特点Characteristics：

①以Mg为主要合金元素的铝合金。含镁量在3-5%之间。又可以称为铝镁合金。

Aluminum alloys with magnesium (Mg) as the main alloying element. The magnesium content ranges from 3% to 5%. They can also be called aluminum-magnesium alloys.

②不可热处理强化

Cannot be strengthened through heat treatment

③密度小（5052密度为2.68）。在相同面积下铝镁合金的重量低于其他系列.

强度比1、3系高，属中高强度的铝合金，疲劳性和焊接性能好。抗拉强度高，延伸率高。

It has a low density (the density of 5052 is 2.68 g/cm³). Under the same area, the weight of aluminum-magnesium alloy is lower than that of other series.

Its strength is higher than that of Series 1 and Series 3 aluminum alloys, belonging to a medium-to-high strength aluminum alloy. It also exhibits good fatigue resistance and weldability, along with high tensile strength and high elongation.

④耐海洋大气腐蚀性较好。

It has good corrosion resistance to marine atmosphere.

5：属于热轧铝板系列故能做氧化深加工。

It belongs to the hot-rolled aluminum plate series, so it can undergo deep oxidation processing.

主要用途 Main Applications：

各种汽车零部件、板金件；机械部件，汽车、飞机油箱，军舰、潜艇；集装箱等。5083用于船舶、汽车、飞机的焊接件。

Various automotive parts and sheet metal parts; mechanical components, fuel tanks for automobiles and aircraft, warships, submarines; containers, etc. Alloy 5083 is used for welded parts in ships, automobiles, and aircraft.

6系列铝镁硅合金 Series 6: Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon Alloy

代表6061，6063.6082

特点：

①以镁和硅为主要合金元素的铝合金

Aluminum alloys with magnesium and silicon as the main alloying elements

②可进行热处理强化（T4、T6）

Can be strengthened through heat treatment (T4, T6 tempers)

③中等强度 Medium strength

④耐蚀性高 High corrosion resistance

⑤焊接性能良好 Good weldability

⑥成型性和工艺性良好。Good formability and processability

用途：要求有一定强度，可焊性与抗蚀性高的机械部件；各种管棒、型材以及装饰构件；散热片等

Applications:

Mechanical components requiring a certain level of strength, high weldability, and high corrosion resistance;

Various pipes, rods, profiles, and decorative components;

Heat sinks, etc.

7系铝锌镁合金Series 7: Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium Alloy

代表7075。也属于航空系列。It is represented by Alloy 7075 and also belongs to the aviation series.

特点：

①以锌为主要合金元素的铝合金

Aluminum alloys with zinc as the main alloying element

②可热处理强化。

Can be strengthened through heat treatment

③硬度大，强度高，有良好的耐磨性，属于超硬铝合金。

It has high hardness, high strength, and good wear resistance, and belongs to the super-hard aluminum alloy category.

4：7075铝板是经消除应力的,加工后不会变形、翘曲.所有超大超厚的7075铝板全部经超声波探测,可以保证无砂眼、杂质

The 7075 aluminum plate is stress-relieved, so it will not deform or warp after processing. All extra-large and extra-thick 7075 aluminum plates have undergone ultrasonic testing, which ensures the absence of blowholes and impurities.

用途：广泛用于飞机上的许多零部件（主要为外部零部件）；其他强度高，抗蚀性能强的高硬度构件；各种模具（要求精密的）

Widely used in many components on aircraft (mainly external components); other high-hardness structural parts requiring high strength and strong corrosion resistance; various molds (those requiring precision).
 8系列铝板材  Series 8 Aluminum Plates

代表：8011铝板材。

特点：

以做瓶盖为主要功用的铝板，也应用在散热器方面，大部分应用为铝箔。

根据加工工艺不同又可分为冷轧和热轧。

Aluminum plates mainly used for making bottle caps are also applied in heat sinks, and most of their applications are in the form of aluminum foil.

According to different processing technologies, they can be further divided into cold-rolled and hot-rolled types.

 9系备用合金 Series 9: Reserve Alloys

9系列属于备用系列，科技那么发达，为了应对为了含有其他合金元素的铝板出现，国际铝板带联合会特表明9000系列为备用系列，等待着又一个新的品种出现来填补9000系列的空白。

The 9000 series is a reserve series. Given the advanced state of technology, and to accommodate the future emergence of aluminum plates containing other alloying elements, the International Aluminum Sheet and Foil Association (IASFA) has specifically designated the 9000 series as a reserve series, awaiting the appearance of new varieties to fill the gap in the 9000 series.

常用铝合金的力学性能

Mechanical properties of commonly used aluminum alloys

各种牌号铝及铝合金化学成分 

Chemical composition of various grades of aluminum and aluminum alloys